Gender-Based Violence (Violence Against Women and Girls)
Gender-based violence (GBV) or violence against women and girls (VAWG), is a global pandemic that affects 1 in 3 women in their lifetime.
The numbers are staggering:
- 35% of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence.
- Globally, 7% of women have been sexually assaulted by someone other than a partner.
- Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by an intimate partner.
- 200 million women have experienced female genital mutilation/cutting.
This issue is not only devastating for survivors of violence and their families, but also entails significant social and economic costs. In some countries, violence against women is estimated to cost countries up to 3.7% of their GDP – more than double what most governments spend on education.
Failure to address this issue also entails a significant cost for the future. Numerous studies have shown that children growing up with violence are more likely to become survivors themselves or perpetrators of violence in the future.
One characteristic of gender-based violence is that it knows no social or economic boundaries and affects women and girls of all socio-economic backgrounds: this issue needs to be addressed in both developing and developed countries.
Decreasing violence against women and girls requires a community-based, multi-pronged approach, and sustained engagement with multiple stakeholders. The most effective initiatives address underlying risk factors for violence, including social norms regarding gender roles and the acceptability of violence.
Support for survivors of violence
Despite the extensive work done by women’s organizations, governments and other partners, many women and girls who are subjected to violence still lack access to essential services that support their safety, health and access to justice. To respond to these needs, in 2013 UNFPA and UN Women initiated the Joint Global Programme on Essential Services for Women and Girls Subject to Violence. In collaboration with other UN partners, the programme is developing guidance to improve survivors’ access to these services and to ensure the quality of these services, with a particular focus on health, justice (including policing and legal aid), social services (such as psycho-social counselling, helplines and safe houses), and coordination and governance.
UNFPA also plays a key role in addressing gender-based violence through its programmes on sexual and reproductive health. Health services are among the first places survivors of abuse seek assistance. As the lead UN agency working on sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights, UNFPA has critical opportunities to reach affected women and girls. Additionally, most women – even in remote areas – are likely to seek family planning or maternal health services at least once in their lifetimes, making health care a critical entry point for violence-related information and assistance.
UNFPA-supported health programmes provide information about women’s and girls’ rights, including their right to live free of abuse. These programmes also provide essential medical supplies, such as rape kits, to assist survivors, and support psychosocial and legal counselling. In Rwanda, for example, UNFPA is working with other UN agencies in “one-stop centres” to address the diverse physical, emotional and social needs of survivors.
UNFPA also helps survivors of gender-based violence in humanitarian crises, where violence against women often escalates. For example, in Haiti, Uganda, Sierra Leone and Nepal, UNFPA’s humanitarian responses included addressing the needs of those who had experienced gender-based violence.
RESPONDING
Responding to violence against women in development and humanitarian settings is a strategic priority for UNFPA. This includes eliminating harmful practices such as female genital mutilation and child marriage. UNFPA works in 135 countries to address violence against women, and in 2015 alone invested over $93 million in eliminating gender-based violence and harmful practices. The Fund also collects data to accurately document incidents of violence, and helps to develop, enforce and reform national laws and policies on gender-based violence. In Mauritania, for example, UNFPA supported a programme in which midwives worked with imams to call for an end to rape. This led to the development of the first batch of national statistics on the issue and the establishment of the first centre for survivors.
UNFPA and partner UN agencies are also leading the charge to end violence against women and girls at the global level. UNFPA co-chaired the Inter-Agency Violence Against Women Task Force, and is a key partner in the UNiTE to End Violence against Women campaign, a worldwide effort led by the UN Secretary-General. And UNFPA is a member of Stop Rape Now: UN Action to Stop Sexual Violence in Conflicts. UNFPA often chairs the UN Gender Theme Groups and leads or co-leads in the coordination of responses to gender-based violence, especially in humanitarian contexts. In addition, since 2007, UNFPA has co-led, with UNICEF, the Joint Programme to End Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, working with communities to encourage the abandonment of FGM, a harmful practice that injures women and girls.
